Community Service Essay Topics

Community Service Essay TopicsThere are a number of community service essay topics you can choose from. Although not all of them will be used, you should consider what each one may have to offer and write a great piece that presents the right information for the community service placement. You might find that you have a difficult time coming up with the right ones yourself. Here are some tips that might help you.- If you live in a city, and you belong to a local community or neighborhood center, you may want to consider writing a local service article for that institution. You could write about being a volunteer at the center. In addition, you may have an opportunity to do something positive and lasting with the community.- Another area that you may find a community service essay topic is working with organizations like an animal shelter. You could give an account of how you have worked with animals, such as feeding them, cleaning out their cages, or providing medications. You might also want to talk about how you have built a strong relationship with other staff at the shelter. You may have developed friendships with employees, and you could use those to get a job as a volunteer assistant or other position within the shelter.- Some animal shelters hire volunteers to work with senior citizens, or old women, children, or people with disabilities. Volunteer programs are usually designed so that you can meet the person in charge and get a feel for the responsibilities and area of responsibility. Volunteer positions are usually given by the shelter in order to fill a specific need in the community.- If you have a sense of humor, there are many community service essay topics for you to choose from. While this may seem to be a little strange, it is actually very common. The idea is to have a good time and to get the most out of your service work. Don't be afraid to let out your funny side, and don't feel embarrassed to write about it.There are plenty of ways that yo u can use to help the homeless or underprivileged in your community. You might find that there is an organization or center near you that would benefit from your services. All you have to do is find the opportunity that best suits you and meet the requirements.You do not have to make a commitment to any community service essay topics that you are interested in writing. As long as you meet the requirements and get the chance to use your skills, you are likely to be able to come up with one that is outstanding.

Critical Thinking and Creative Problem Solving Essay example

Critical Thinking and Creative Problem Solving Critical Thinking and Creative Problem Solving Critical thinking and creative problem solving working together can enhance a person’s creative skills. However, if there is not a correct balance between the two, a person may not find the correct resolution. To find the right balance between critical thinking and creative problem solving, one must understand the similarities and differences between the two. This paper will attempt to show those ideas. Critical Thinking According to Shah (2010) and the American Heritage Dictionary, critical thinking is defined as â€Å"The mental process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to†¦show more content†¦Similarities and Differences Prior to completing this paper, I thought that critical thinking and creative problem solving were very different. However, I find that they are very much alike. Critical thinking and creative problem solving follow very similar steps to reach a solution. Conceptualizing and preparing are the beginning phases at which time one realizes there is a problem. Stage two is the applying and analyzing or incubation stage. After success has been reached at this stage, the process proceeds to the synthesizing or illumination stage. This could also be considered the Aha stage where an idea comes to light. The last stage is the evaluation or verification to determine the success of the solution. One difference that should be discussed is that the creative process appears to be more open and looks for more than one resolution to a problem. An example of this is the story at the end of chapter nine. The question presented was â€Å"Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of barometer† (Dacey amp; Lennon, 1998, p. 185). The professor expected an answer using physics logic, but the student was creative and thought outside the box. By doing this, there were many answers to the question. The critical thinking process is rigid and expects to find only one resolution. My Experiences One experience that comes to mind involving creative problem solving came in my tenure asShow MoreRelatedCom 420 - Critical Thinking and Creative Problem Solving Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This paper will introduce critical thinking and creative problem solving with an emphasis on the latter. In doing so, it will attempt to describe any similarities and differences between the two. Critical thinking is the process of rationally analyzing and attempting to solve a problem accurately without guessing. The first step in critical thinking is to understand the problem thoroughly which will allow you to restate the problem in different ways to learn about it and other relatedRead MoreThe Importance Of Critical Thinking1060 Words   |  5 PagesCritical thinking is a prerequisite to rationality. This means that there must be a problem-solving mechanism that seeks to conclude on the expected outcomes. As such, critical thinking is tied around finding solutions to a problem. It is important to note that there is a bias towards the end result to determine whether critical thinking was employed. This makes sense because failing to find a solution to a problem cannot be classified as critical thinking. As Steven Johnson said in Where Good IdeasRead More Thinking and Decision Making Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesThinking and Decision Making When it comes to the reasoning and problem solving of any issue there are various ways to come to a decision; thinking is the mental process that allows the people in the world to deal with it effectively, according to set goals, plans, ideas, and desires. Thinking involves the gathering of information that forms concepts and engages in problem solving, reasoning, and making precise decisions for the benefit of whom is concerned. Thinking according to Kirby andRead MoreCreative and Critical Thinking Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesKnowledge is generated through critical and creative thinking. Creative thinking is something new or original that is created with value. Critical thinking is a type of thinking that questions assumptions and validates or invalidates a current belief or something that is said to be previously true. Knowledge is created through the culmination of generally accepted assumptions and creativity. How do you separate general assumptions and creativity? These two types of thinking can be easily separated inRead MoreCritical Thinking1125 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking Article Review Over the last thirty years, the health care system has incurred dramatic changes, resulting in new advances in technology and medical theories. Greater demand for quality care by consumers, more knowledgeable patients, remarkable disease processes, shorter hospitalizations, and the continuing pressure to lower health care costs are all contributing factors in the necessary changes to the nursing practice. In order for nurses to deliver optimum care, they must developRead MoreCombat Operations Success1438 Words   |  6 Pagestask and purpose that must be completed. Within each task could lay hidden problems that must be identified and mitigated to facilitate mission accomplishment. Should a problem be misinterpreted or ignored, mission failure coupled with unwarranted friendly casualties will be the inevitable outcome. Of the six lessons in the C100 block of instruction, I consider the discussion on critical reasoning and problem solving to be the most career shaping discussion. As a field grade staff officer,Read MoreElements Of Thought In The Army Problem Solving Process722 Words   |  3 Pagesconducting the Army Problem Solving Process? Argue why or why not. The approach described by Drs. Paul Elder assist Army Officers in solving problems using the Army Problem Solving Process described in FM 6-0, Commander and Staff Organization and Operational (2014). The experts approach, the elements of thought, its described using the following elements: purpose, questions, point of views, information, conclusion, concepts, implications, and assumptions. The Army Problem Solving Process consistRead MoreDifferences Between Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking And Focused Thinking791 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking and Focused Thinking? o Creative thinking- Going beyond the limitations and being fresh in one’s ideas, while having a generative purpose. o Critical thinking- Is evaluative in nature and analyses a particular thing. Also, this has an analytical purpose. o Focused think- thinking critically and creatively 2. Summarize the advice and what you need to do in the Four -Part Model of Critical Thinking: †¢ Reasoning- Reasoning is the foundation of critical thinkingRead MoreEssay about Critical and Creative Thinking1108 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Critical and Creative Thinking COM/600 2013 Critical and Creative Thinking Critical thinking is an important and valuable skill to have. Critical thinking affects both your professional lifestyle as well as your personal lifestyle. Critical thinkers should encompass skills needed to thoroughly analyze all the variables in a problem. During critical thinking, decisions should be based upon logic, and relevant and accurate data. Problem-solving and decision making is part ofRead MoreCritical Thinking1715 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿KENYATTA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL: HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM DEPARTMENT: TOURISM UNIT CODE: UCU 103 UNIT TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO CREATIVE AND CRITICAL THINKING GROUP MEMBERS NAMES: REG.NO. CONTACTS SIGN GEOFFREY A.G T12S/8705/2013 0728812037 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. PETER WAMBUI T12S/19590/2013 0726581625 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ROSE WACHIRA T12S/21534/2013 0717236599 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... NASSIUMA PURITY T12S/21394/2013 0702057789 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... RADHI OLANG’O T12S/19632/2013 0704290026 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ CHEMUTAI DAISY T12S/19632/2013 0702645207

The Department Of Juvenile Services - 941 Words

History The Department of Juvenile Services changed from the Department of Juvenile Justice to make it sound less punitive. The Department of Juvenile service (DJS) Violence Prevention Initiative (VPI) integrates intensive supervision and treatment services to prevent juvenile homicides, non-fatal shootings and victimization. (VPI standards procedure page 2). Their vision is to promote successful youth, groom strong leaders and provide a safe community. DJS initiated VPI supervision in Baltimore City after high criminal rates, they expanded the program statewide. It has been a great amount of evidence that supports the effectiveness of The VPI unit at DJS: Statistics shows that the number of juvenile homicides has decreased 46% statewide from the year 2007. The non-fatal shootings of juveniles in Baltimore City has decreased tremendously, the lowest level in 30 years. Department of Juvenile Services implemented the method to ensure the earliest possible intervention in any sustained delinquency or violation of conditions of probation by VPI youth, by this means diminishing risk for behaviors that could result in crimes of violence. The program is being funded through the state government. There has been many past issues with the state’s budget, but they make sure they provide knowledgeable resources to provide for the youth so they can obtain the proper treatment. Purpose and services Department of Juvenile Services is a driven agency that connects youth too manyShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Services Department ( Jsd ) Essay1946 Words   |  8 Pagesagency; purpose/mission: Juvenile Services Department (JSD) provides a continuum of comprehensive service to arrested and at-risk juveniles and their families. JSD is designed to address the root causes of juvenile crime and prevent further delinquent behavior. Law enforcement and social services to work together to provide a complete range of services for both at-risk youth and youth involved with the Juvenile Justice System. JSDS increase public safety by reducing juvenile delinquency through effectiveRead MoreThe Juvenile Service Department Is A Centralized Processing, Referral, And Evaluation Center Essay2071 Words   |  9 PagesOverview of the agency; purpose/mission: The Juvenile Services Department is a centralized processing, referral, and evaluation center for all youths arrested in Miami-Dade County. While at the JSD, all youths are provided with juvenile screening and substance abuse/mental health assessment. (http://www.miami-dadeclerk.com/families_juvenile_arrested.asp) B) Population being served: The population being served at the Juvenile Service Department includes adolescents and children. The programRead MoreThe Juvenile Service Department Is A Centralized Processing, Referral And Evaluation Center For All Youths Arrested Essay2013 Words   |  9 PagesA) Overview of the agency; purpose/mission: The Juvenile Services Department is a centralized processing, referral and evaluation center for all youths arrested in Miami-Dade County. While at the JSD, all youths are provided with juvenile screening and substance abuse/mental health assessment. (http://www.miami-dadeclerk.com/families_juvenile_arrested.asp) B) Population being served: The population being served at Juvenile Service Department includes adolescents and children. The program servesRead MoreGrant Proposal. Second Chance Act Smart On Juvenile Justice:956 Words   |  4 PagesSecond chance Act Smart on Juvenile Justice: Community Supervision Reform Program I. Statement of the Problem: The North Carolina Department of Public Safety (Division of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention) is requesting funds to provide juveniles a second chance through a community supervision reform program. The Department’s goal for requesting these funds is to reduce the number of juveniles currently on probation. As of 2013, there were over 383,600 juveniles on probation. This programRead MoreFor My Research Paper, I Desired To Learn More About Juvenile1474 Words   |  6 PagesFor my research paper, I desired to learn more about juvenile delinquency in Frederick County by researching and finding what crimes are most common and what sentences or court dispositions are common for juveniles found guilty of crimes. I know that court dispositions frequently result in probation and that Frederick County does not have a Juvenile Detention center, therefore I was most interested in how probation was implemented in Frederick County and other counties in Maryland and what otherR ead MoreEssay on Restorative Action for Juvenile Justice Centers1039 Words   |  5 Pages Juvenile justice is the area of criminal law for a person not old enough to be held responsible for their criminal actions (â€Å"Juvenile Justice†). In most states this kind of categorization is determined by age, set at eighteen years old. In general, juvenile law is governed by state law and most states have an individual juvenile code set in place that contributes to the number of youth in detention centers today (â€Å"Juvenile Justice†). Despite the lowest youth crime rates in twenty years, accordingRead MoreChild Justice Act : Child And Youth Care Centers Or Prisons929 Words   |  4 Pagesprisons. The former provides support services for youth with varying needs such as children with substance abuse problems, children living in overcrowded homes and so on. This is as a temporary measure and is only advocated as a measure of last resort. In prisons, a child under the age of 14 is ineligible to serve a prison sentence and can only serve the minimum amount of time as deemed necessary by the judge; this is in stark contrast to the United States juvenile system where there is variation inRead MoreManagement Principles Of Public And Nonprofit Organizations944 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurring. My organization is the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice (IDJJ). Before I divulge into my analysis, I will present a historical overview of how the Department of Juvenile Justice was establish. The Illinois department of Juvenile Justice is a new organization that was formed November 2005 when the House bill 0900, which was signed by former Governor Rod, Blagojevich passed and separated the juvenile division from the Illinois Department of Corrections. IDOC was formed in 1970’s,Read MoreJuvenile Justice Process and Correction834 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Justice Process and Correction Keith Betts CJA/374 September 30, 2012 Xander L. is a young man with a rough start in life, who is a known gang member, and has been in and out of the juvenile court system on numerous occasions. The 17-year-old young man has been involved in various crimes, such as purse snatching, breaking and entering, and drug possession. The juvenile offender previously served one yearRead MoreRebound Drug Court Intern1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe DeKalb County Juvenile Court is located in the Gregory A. Adams Juvenile Justice Center at 4309 Memorial Drive in Decatur GA. The juvenile court was established in 1899 as an entity separate from the criminal court. As a separate court system of justice for young people, it focused on prevention and remediation of delinquent behavior (Lemov). The state of Georgia has a Dual Juvenile Justice Department: Independent and Dependent. Independent Court manages there own services and information system

Mozart Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Mozart Persuasive Essay Mozart was born on January 27th, 1756. He was born to Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart. He had a sister named Maria Anna Mozart, who was also musically talented. Mozart was a young boy who showed talent from the beginning of his life. He never attended a proper school, which was a custom for children of that time. Instead of going to school, he was taught by his father who was a respectable man in Salzburg. His father held many professions such as concertmaster for the court orchestra of the Archbishop of Salzburg; violinist, composer and author. At the age of six, Mozart had become a performer on the clavier, violin, and organ. He was also skilled in sight-reading and improvisation. There are have piano pieces that were composed by Mozart when he was six years old and are still frequently played today. One of the pieces are Twinkle Twinkle. When hes sister was at the age of ten and he at the age of six, their father took them to Munich and Vienna to play a series of concerts. In 1763, Leopold Mozart took a leave from his position at Salzburg court to take his family on a tour of Western Europe. Mozart and his sister performed in the major musical centers, including Stuttgart, Mannheim, Mainz, Frankfurt, Brussels, Paris, London, and Amsterdam. The family did not return to Salzburg until 1766. During that period of time touring, Mozart began to compose longer pieces with more structure and skill in them. He completed his first symphony at the age of nine and publishing his first sonatas in the same year. In 1769, Mozart and his father left the rest of the family to tour Italy for more than a year. They spent sufficient time in Rome, Milan, Florence, Naples, and Bologna. Mozart got to experience the taste of another culture. During those years, Wolfgang completed an opera called Ro di Ponto, which was celebrated in Italy. The same year, Mozart was appointed concertmaster to the Archbishop of Salzburg, and later in the same here, the Pope made him a chevalier of the Order of the Golden Spur. He also completed his first German operetta called, Bastien une Bastienne, in the same year. At the age of fourteen, Mozart was commissioned to write a serious opera. This work was called, Mitridate, re di Ponto. While Mozart was touring in Italy, the Archbishop of Salzburg died, and Hieronymus, count von Colleredo was the successor. This man cared little for music, and looked down upon Mozart. After five years of composing music for almost no money, Mozart obtained a leave of absence for a concert tour. In 177, he left with his mother for Munich. The courts of Europe ignored the twenty-one year old composer in his search for a more congenial and rewarding appointment. This was hard for Mozart, and at the same period of time his mother fell ill. His father, Leopold order his wife and Mozart to go to Paris. In Paris on July 1779, his mother died. He returned to Salzburg in 1779 and composed two masses and numerous symphonies, sonatas, and concertos. His work started to gain a unique style, and a completely mature understanding of musical media. In 1781, Mozart has a success of an Italian opera series called, Idomeneo, re di Creta, prompted the new successor to the Archbishop of Salzburg to invite Mozart to his palace in Vienna. A series of court intrigues and his exploitation at the hands of the court soon forced Mozart to leave. Friends rented the house in Vienna for him, Mozart hoped to sustain him by teaching. During this time, he composed a singspiel called, The Adduction from Seraglio, which was requested by Emperor Joseph the Second in 1782. When the Mozart family made their tip to Italy in 1769, they were introduced to the Webers. Franz Weber was a musician from Austria, living in Italy. He has a wife and two children who were named Constanze and Aloysia. Mozart loved this family, but his father disliked them for some reason. Mozarts father didnt want Mozart to be around this family, but Mozart dismissed his fathers wishes for and consorted with the two girls often. Being old enough to go off on his own, the trips made to Italy were partly because of the Weber girls. After many letters between Mozart and the Weber girls, Mozart decided to ask Aloysia Weber for her hand in marriage. Mozarts father was furious at him and saying that the Weber girls would bring nothing but grief to his son, grief to his whole family. Mozart didnt care about what his father said and asked Aloysia to marry him, and she said yes. The wedding day of Aloysia and Mozart came along, and many people came to the ceremony; including Aloysias sister Constanze, and Mozarts father who came against his wishes. The wedding was looked like it could have gone perfect until Aloysia rejected the issued vows. Mozart was embarrassed, more so because his father had been proven right than because of his personal losses. For many years the Weber and Mozart families did not speak to each other. A year after the marriage incident, Mozart beings to once again visit the family, who have now moved to Vienna. On December 15th, 1781 Mozart informs his father on his marriage plans, and his father was enraged. He never liked his sons acquaintance with the Webers. Mozart thinks his father is being unfair about the whole matter, and leaves Salzburg for Vienna to be married. On August 4th, 1782 Mozart marries Aloysia in St. Stephens Cathedral. Mozarts father refuses his sons invitation to the wedding, so does Aloysia. The couple moved into a house in Vienna together and had six children, two of which survived. The two surviving children were named Franz Xavier, and Karl Thomas Mozart. Sickness and poverty plague the family until the day of Mozarts death. Seven years after Mozarts death, Constanze married another man. Mozart and his family moved often in Vienna. Prior to his marriage, Mozart moved to the house called, Zum roten Sabel, where he had lived as a twelve-year old. A few months later, he lived at Wipplingerstrasse 14, at Kohlmarkt 7, and at Judenplatz 3-4. In 1784, Mozart moved to one of the most representative houses in Vienna called, Trattnerhof. At the ceremonial hall of the Trattnerhof house, Mozarts piano concertos K449, 450, and 451 were premiered. Mozarts only home in Vienna preserved until today is the Figarohaus, which is located behind St. Stephens Cathedral. Mozart lived there from October 1784 until April 1787. Its where he played his most mature compositions. Joseph Haydn paid visited here; Mozart dedicated six string quartets to him. Mozart Becomes a Freemason In December 1784, Mozart became an apprentice in the Masonic lodge called, Zur Wohltatigkeit. In this lodge, he became a visiting brother. After a month, he became a journeyman. His Masonic compositions are his contributions to certain Masonic celebrations. From January 1786, Mozart was a member of the lodge called, Zur Neugekronten Hoffnung. The Death of a Genius: Mozart was an extremely talented man who died at a very young age. Many different rumors were circulated about his death. Many of people even accused his long time rival Aontonio Salieri of murder. These allegations were not pursued, but to this day, no one knows the cause of his death. Some scientists say that he had Typhoid fever, others claim that rheumatic inflammatory fever was the cause of his death; but the secret of his death will never are known. On the said day, Marie-Anna Partl, aged 57 years, wife of Leopold Mozart, maitre de chapelle at Salzburg, Bavaria, who died yesterday at Rue du Groschenet, has been interred in the cemetery in the presence of Wolfgang Amedee Mozart, her son, and of Francois Heina, trumpeter in the light cavalry in the Royal Guard, a friend.Words/ Pages : 3,850 / 24

Will Kellogg Essays - Kellogg Company, Breakfast Cereals

Will Kellogg Will Kellogg Have you ever heard of Tony The Tiger? What about the big rooster on the front of the cornflake box? These all are attributed to one Will Kellogg. He first worked as a broom salesman then he begin to work with his brother Dr. John H Kellogg. Then he invented a cornflake, which was one of his best ideas ever. In 1895 vegetarianism was coming into society. Will Kellogg wanted to make nuts and grains appealing to people so they would accommodate the vegetarians. So he worked with wheat and eventually he formed wheat flakes. His small town of Battle Creek was going through a stage where it was known as The Health food City This idea was soon lost and he came up with the idea of corn flakes. His new ideas and factories brought new employment opportunities to the small town of Battle Creek. Kelloggs ideas gave the American economy a new type of health food, which provided more jobs in manufacturing and advertising. The impacts of cornflakes may not be significant, but it changed how people eat their breakfast. Life in America changed when Kellogg invented cornflakes. When he invented cornflakes, wheat flakes were a thing of the past. Now, cereal was healthy and it tasted good. Business in America was changed with cornflakes because now Kellogg was an entrepreneur and was part of an oligopoly, but with differation. There were always wheat flake companies, but he changed it by making cornflakes instead. Not only did he change breakfast, Kellogg advertised his product with cartoon characters and created a bold legend that says None genuine without this signature- W.K. Kellogg. Not only did he advance in breakfast food he made many advancements in advertisement. The W.K. Kellogg Company and he achieved great financial success with his line of breakfast foods. He also revolutionized the worlds breakfast and eating habits. Kellogg pioneered in advertising campaigns to promote a product. This has changed the American way of life forever. Although, Will Kellogg did not succeeded with his first type of cereal and he had competition with forty-two other wheat flake manufactures including Charles Post he invented a new product and it is a multimillion dollar company. History Essays

Interview Tucker Max dishes on the state of publishing

Interview Tucker Max dishes on the state of publishing "How I made Simon Schuster give me my own publishing company:" An Interview with Tucker Max As you probably know if you’re a frequent reader of this blog, there are now many ways to bring a book to market. Whether it’s in print or digital, self-published or through a publisher, with or without an agent, the choices available to a new author is almost mind-boggling. Tucker Max is different. As the author of I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell, he ignored all the options available to writers and made publishers do what they’d never done before - give an author their own publishing company.In these times of great change, it's possible for authors to forge their own path - as Tucker did by picking and choosing the elements of self-publishing and traditional publishing that make the most sense for his book.Watch our interview with Tucker - or read the transcript below - for some inspiration! How publishing worked 15 years agoHi Tucker, it’s great to have you with us today. Let’s start from the beginning - can you tell us from the early days when you started to write and wanted to get your stories out into books?Tucker: Yeah, I started in writing in a totally different era (2001). I used to send emails to my friends, and they thought they were really funny. They kept telling me, †you need to publish this. This needs to be a book." Question 3: Why is that audience going to care? What are you going to say that's interesting and valuable to them?If you cannot answer those three questions clearly, then don't write a book.Now let's say you can answer those three questions. I would say that for almost all non-fiction, the best bet is to self-publish. That way you get to control the rights to the book, and you can use it to promote whatever it is you're trying to promote. As soon as you go traditional, you have now sold the rights and royalties to that book to someone else. So you can't give copies away. If you're trying to do speaking gigs with the book, you've got to buy the book at price from your publisher.If you want to do excerpts, if you want to use the content other places, you don't own the content anymore, the publisher does. And they don't care about your business at all. They care about selling actual copies of the book. So for most non-fiction authors, their goals are not aligned with a publisher’ s goals. So that's why going self-publishing is the better route, for almost all non-fiction authors.Photo credit:  Mac Danzig.If you're a non-fiction author, do you agree with Tucker's take on publishing? What has been your experience of working with a traditional publisher, if any? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below.

An Electromagnetic Analysis of Noise-Based Intrinsically Secure Communication in Wireless Systems

An Electromagnetic Analysis of Noise-Based Intrinsically Secure Communication in Wireless Systems The research on noise-based secure communication systems is mainly carried out from an information theoretical point of view, and is focused on evaluation in different communication conditions of the secrecy capacity, which is defined as the maximum achievable perfect secrecy rate, where the perfect secret rate is the amount of information that can be sent not only reliably but also confidentially. He noted that the channel capacity of the authorized channel is higher than the channel capacity of the eavesdropper, and one coding strategy is able to transmit information to the authorized receiver with a vanishing block-code error probability in a completely secure way, at a rate limited by the difference between the authorized and eavesdropper channel capacity. This causes a decrease in the channel capacity of the unauthorized receiver compared to the authorized receiver, which can transmit information buried in the additional noise affecting the eavesdropper. In this paper, it will be shown that, in the noise-based unconditionally secure communication systems, the degrees of freedom of the electromagnetic field are used in a third way. Paralleling the analysis undertaken in, it takes advantage of the concept of the number of degrees of freedom (NDF) of the electromagnetic field, defined as the minimum number of functions required to represent the field on an observation manifold within a given representation error, fixed by the noise corrupting the observed field. Successively, in a seminal paper, Wyner suggested that the presence of additional noise when information is tapped from a line makes the unauthorized channel noisier than the authorized channel. Broadly speaking, any antenna uses the available degrees of freedom of the electromagnetic field mainly following two possible goals: to concentrate (and possibly maximize) energy on the receiving antenna or to maximize the amount of information available on the receiving antenna. In this framework, an approach to obtain unconditionally secure communication based on the use of the degrees of freedom of the electromagnetic field is discussed. Signal and noise are transmitted at the same time using a strategy that avoids any increase in noise at the authorized receiver taking advantage of the degrees of freedom that are not used to transmit information. The physical mechanism at the basis of the secret communication is explained by means of the degrees of freedom of the field, which are able to convey information and noise in spatially orthogonal channels. As a final observation, in order to make the channel secure, a non-negligible percentage of the available power is radiated as artificial noise. According to some fundamental results of information theory, it is possible to hide information in the additional noise affecting the eavesdropper. Loosely speaking, the allocation of power to noise causes a decrease in the channel capacity of the system that follows logarithmic law.